but in the case of a bios there isnt any operating system

an interupt is a call to the bios or OS to perform an action that regular programs cannot perform (writing to the disk, play music on sound card ..etc) there are bios interupts or uefi functions used to manage access to devices and there are operating system interupts that simplifies bios interupts and help programs access them more efficiently

no, it doesn't work

Because I don't actually have a main, Myfunction is a function that is called by an external program

so I have to pass it two values, but obviously it doesn't read them😢

So x and y would be fixed, the function will always call it differently with different values ​​from the other program

Yes, another program call functions

And I would like this program to be able to pass on the values

I cannot send the images otherwise I would explain myself better

Using mutation tests the code is changed and I don't know why but the function is also changed

How?

I am just starting today...can anyone suggest me a tutorial for c?

I create the mutations through Milu, do you know any other software?

For do mutation testing

I am doing a thesis for the university regarding mutation testing in c

With mutation testing I evaluate the goodness of the tests created to test my function

The question was whether it was still possible to pass arguments to it with a function of the generate

I probably have to change my method

Check github for some nice viruses....run only the mild ones though, you could easily find yourself ruining your life 😂

😂Nice

have anyone build a function hooker before

in windows 32bit

yes i took a look at it

but did u see my quest

yes

have u done it before ?

Isn't there a way to make the function understand that x and y are the past ones?

try making it a pointer or reference it

All the X and Y in the function?

int Myfunction(int, int){ return *x + *y; } int main(){ Myfunction(5,6); } Like this for example?

I am not very experienced in c, I am studying it for the thesis😅

is it valid statement int *ptr=(int *)200; i mean assigning ptr adderess 200 ?

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51083356/does-the-c-standard-permit-assigning-an-arbitrary-value-to-a-pointer-and-increme

Hello, if i have function like this: int Myfunction(int, int){ return x + y; } int main(){ Myfunction(5,6); } How can I tell the function that X and Y are 5 and 6 without change function in Myfunction(int x, int y)?

You can't, compiler needs to know what you mean, it can't read minds

So x and y would be fixed, the function will always call it differently with different values ​​from the other program

C++ is compiled language with static typing. When you compile a function there will be tight assembly code generated for it and sometimes it can be generated for a specific call even (function call inlining) In this case it will probably pass two values through the processor registers and return the value through a register. You cannot modify the function or change how it's called at runtime, because you need to preserve that binary interface that was generated. You can change which function to call at runtime using pointers to functions, or virtual functions is C++, but not how to call it. I'm still unable to understand what you want to achieve, if you can describe what these mutation test should do to us in simple language, maybe we can figure out what you can use instead.

Mutation testing is a technique for evaluating the goodness of the tests generated for a function. for example: I have a function like this Int max(int x, int y){ If(x>y) return 1; If (x<y) return -1; return 0; } And to test it I create a test of this type in another file: Int test01(){ If (max(5,2) ==1) return 1; return 0; } Int main(){ If (test01() == 0) Test failed! } Mutation testing to see if the test is good takes the initial function and creates mutants in this way Int max(int x, int y){ If(x==y) return 1; If (x<y) return -1; return 0; } Then the test is performed and if this returns an error it means that it has noticed the mutation and is therefore a good test

The mutants generated are more than one, and they are created by Milu (a tool)

I therefore have an error because when Milu generates the mutants it removes the parameters from the functions and this does not allow the compilation and therefore the execution of the tests

I hope I have explained😅

Hiii is there anyone who familiar with using POSTMAN for api testing

Hiii is there anyone who familiar with using POSTMAN for api testing

Hey, how is this related with this group?

The mutants generated are more than one, and they are created by Milu (a tool)

Don't use Milu. It is not under active maintenance and the issues that were raised 4 - 5 years back have still not been addressed. Use Mull instead. https://github.com/mull-project/mull

it sucks, and you have to do a lot of reverse engineering to do that

So in the bios to make the GUI they use the graphic card driver

So in the bios to make the GUI they use the graphic card driver

the bios has to give programs a way to send data to devices on the system drivers are libraries you will use to send the right codes that you should send to the gpu to calculate where each pixel should be located (linear algebra stuffs) then you will write these pixels to the video memory without drivers you don’t know what codes should be sent to the graphics card to do your calculations

the bios has to give programs a way to send data to devices on the system drivers are libraries you will use to send the right codes that you should send to the gpu to calculate where each pixel should be located (linear algebra stuffs) then you will write these pixels to the video memory without drivers you don’t know what codes should be sent to the graphics card to do your calculations

So how the bios make it's ui

In the settings

the bios has to give programs a way to send data to devices on the system drivers are libraries you will use to send the right codes that you should send to the gpu to calculate where each pixel should be located (linear algebra stuffs) then you will write these pixels to the video memory without drivers you don’t know what codes should be sent to the graphics card to do your calculations

you can do these calculations using the cpu but it’s slower

So how the bios make it's ui

for simple ui elements it is possible to do it on the cpu

for simple ui elements it is possible to do it on the cpu

How

So how the bios make it's ui

basically you just need to write values to the video memory

basically you just need to write values to the video memory

And how you access it

And how you access it

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6808647/how-to-draw-square-in-assembly-language#6808764

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6808647/how-to-draw-square-in-assembly-language#6808764

Yes

And how you access it

I think this will help you

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6808647/how-to-draw-square-in-assembly-language#6808764

If i understanded well the answer says to use opengl

If i understanded well the answer says to use opengl

I don’t think this is possible on bare metal, you have to use an operating system to use an implementation of that specification if I’m not mistaken

dose anybody know how to parallel decompress zip file in Linux ,the unzip is so slow,and the pigs not support zip file

I don’t think this is possible on bare metal, you have to use an operating system to use an implementation of that specification if I’m not mistaken

Yes but the bios havevnot an operating system

Yes but the bios havevnot an operating system

on VGA-compatible adapters you can program on VGA

the link I sent you earlier was for real mode bios in protected mode (which is better) there is no graphics mode interupt so you have to use VGA the links below might help you 👇 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21955406/enter-graphics-mode-without-interrupts-in-assembly

Don't use Milu. It is not under active maintenance and the issues that were raised 4 - 5 years back have still not been addressed. Use Mull instead. https://github.com/mull-project/mull

Thank you, i try this!

Yes but the bios havevnot an operating system

I was wrong u can use graphics capabilities but you can’t use opengl... sorry

the link I sent you earlier was for real mode bios in protected mode (which is better) there is no graphics mode interupt so you have to use VGA the links below might help you 👇 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21955406/enter-graphics-mode-without-interrupts-in-assembly

I found a better tutorial https://wiki.osdev.org/VGA_Hardware

I found a better tutorial https://wiki.osdev.org/VGA_Hardware

osdev.org seem to provide better explanation for developing operating systems it might help you

the link I sent you earlier was for real mode bios in protected mode (which is better) there is no graphics mode interupt so you have to use VGA the links below might help you 👇 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21955406/enter-graphics-mode-without-interrupts-in-assembly

What is graphics mode interrupt

What is graphics mode interrupt

in assembly you have to set some particular registers then call an interupt the bios will check the values set to the registers and perform an action accordingly in bios there is two modes graphic mode and text mode in text mode you get a something like command-line interface while in graphics mode you get to draw shapes (ui elements in your case) and design your own gui

What is graphics mode interrupt

I found this online: https://wiki.osdev.org/How_do_I_set_a_graphics_mode

What is graphics mode interrupt

why don’t you use uefi bios is no longer flashed on PCs

only on old computers

in assembly you have to set some particular registers then call an interupt the bios will check the values set to the registers and perform an action accordingly in bios there is two modes graphic mode and text mode in text mode you get a something like command-line interface while in graphics mode you get to draw shapes (ui elements in your case) and design your own gui

And the graphic mode interrupt is called to switch to graphic mode?

why don’t you use uefi bios is no longer flashed on PCs

But i am not asking to use a bios or a uefi

only on old computers

I am asking to know how they create shapes on the screen

And the graphic mode interrupt is called to switch to graphic mode?

yes

I am asking to know how they create shapes on the screen

yeah the previous links I sent you go over those topics

I found this online: https://wiki.osdev.org/How_do_I_set_a_graphics_mode

especially this one

how can i make like a gui library without using opengl

You want to know how you can draw on the screen without using opengl and using system calls. There is no direct system call as you would expect. What you should be looking at is a framebuffer. You work with it by typically manipulating a device like /dev/fb0. This is just like a system call because writing or reading from that device sends messages to the kernel. You can read up the documentation at https://github.com/torvalds/linux/tree/master/Documentation/fb to learn more about it. Check out framebuffer.rst and api.rst in the link above to understand how you can work with it.

how can i make like a gui library without using opengl

There are lots of tutorials on how to manipulate the framebuffer. Search for it online. Here is one : https://kevinboone.me/linuxfbc.html?i=1

You want to know how you can draw on the screen without using opengl and using system calls. There is no direct system call as you would expect. What you should be looking at is a framebuffer. You work with it by typically manipulating a device like /dev/fb0. This is just like a system call because writing or reading from that device sends messages to the kernel. You can read up the documentation at https://github.com/torvalds/linux/tree/master/Documentation/fb to learn more about it. Check out framebuffer.rst and api.rst in the link above to understand how you can work with it.

from what I understood he wanted to do it on bare metal but this is on linux

especially this one

Methods for drawing via the BIOS Drop back to real mode, then call the BIOS. The easiest solution, but also the most ugly. Be careful to restore everything to real-mode values when you do. Use Virtual 8086 Mode. The most common good solution for protected mode. This way you can run the BIOS from a virtual machine style environment, thus maintaining control over the process. Virtual 8086 mode is however not available from Long Mode. Write/use an emulator. The slowest and most intensive approach, but has the advantage that it will work under any condition, including long mode and other platforms. You mean this?

You want to know how you can draw on the screen without using opengl and using system calls. There is no direct system call as you would expect. What you should be looking at is a framebuffer. You work with it by typically manipulating a device like /dev/fb0. This is just like a system call because writing or reading from that device sends messages to the kernel. You can read up the documentation at https://github.com/torvalds/linux/tree/master/Documentation/fb to learn more about it. Check out framebuffer.rst and api.rst in the link above to understand how you can work with it.

Yes but when a computer have not an operating system it can't use the Linux kernel

Hello everyone i want to ask a question, I know maybe it’s not meaningfull for this group but, i have some doubts. Do I need to graduated from software engineering field to do software project? Associate degree is not enough?

It doesn’t really matter a lot, practice more instead

Yes but when a computer have not an operating system it can't use the Linux kernel

Your original question was how to draw graphics without using opengl and using system calls. If you want to do it on a bare metal system then why mention opengl or system calls in the first place?

Yes but when a computer have not an operating system it can't use the Linux kernel

search for your micro-controller name + gui, example: - TX19A + gui: first result should be Toshiba's own dev environment; - STM32 + gui: first result should also be STM own site