I've got a nice book, published this year. ☺️👍

if it is free, why just not share it instead of sending 2 messages?

It says, it's forbidden to publish multimedia here. So i can't send a PDF file.

Anyone can told me,what is memory padding? Or can anyone suggest me any video?

Memory addresses where an object is stored usually need to be a multiple of the sizeof the object. So if an object is 8 bytes long, it needs to be stored at an address that is a multiple of 8 for the object to be accessed efficiently. Some architectures enforce this requirement strictly while others are relaxed. These relaxed architectures however will need multiple operations to access these improperly stored objects. So suppose you have a struct that has a char and a double, then plain calculation tells us that the size of the struct would be 9. The char being of size 1 can be stored and accessed from any address. But the double can be accessed only if it is stored in an address that is a multiple of 8. So the compiler automatically adds 7 padding bytes between the char and the double thus making the size of the struct 16 bytes. Now this struct will be stored on 16 byte aligned memory address (the compiler will enforce this for you) and the entire struct as well as the char and double within it can be accessed efficiently albeit at the cost of 7 extra bytes.

So if object is 120 bytes long, it is better to place him at location that is multiple of 120?

Memory addresses where an object is stored usually need to be a multiple of the sizeof the object. So if an object is 8 bytes long, it needs to be stored at an address that is a multiple of 8 for the object to be accessed efficiently. Some architectures enforce this requirement strictly while others are relaxed. These relaxed architectures however will need multiple operations to access these improperly stored objects. So suppose you have a struct that has a char and a double, then plain calculation tells us that the size of the struct would be 9. The char being of size 1 can be stored and accessed from any address. But the double can be accessed only if it is stored in an address that is a multiple of 8. So the compiler automatically adds 7 padding bytes between the char and the double thus making the size of the struct 16 bytes. Now this struct will be stored on 16 byte aligned memory address (the compiler will enforce this for you) and the entire struct as well as the char and double within it can be accessed efficiently albeit at the cost of 7 extra bytes.

I don't quite agree with the explanation Addresses of objects can be either aligned or not. An aligned address is such that is multiple of some constant, usually 4 or 8. In some CPUs (x86) reading at aligned addresses is faster than at non-aligned ones. In others CPUs (lower-end ARMs) you can read at aligned addresses abd if try to do the opposite — you get an exception. To take into account this, if a compiler sees that the size of an object is not aligned with the CPU alignment, it adds the paddings

I did mention that there are relaxed architectures where the padding is not required and unaligned access happens in multiple read operations. Since the question was on padding bytes I focused on architectures where such access is faster or is required

Send it to one of the admins. If it is a free book, we can share it on your behalf. Only English books are allowed

Oh, really? Only English? Well, it's in russian, and only for russians. Not russians are not allowed to read this book. You can learn from old books. And it's free only for russian people. Sorry. It's time to learn russian.

Memory addresses where an object is stored usually need to be a multiple of the sizeof the object. So if an object is 8 bytes long, it needs to be stored at an address that is a multiple of 8 for the object to be accessed efficiently. Some architectures enforce this requirement strictly while others are relaxed. These relaxed architectures however will need multiple operations to access these improperly stored objects. So suppose you have a struct that has a char and a double, then plain calculation tells us that the size of the struct would be 9. The char being of size 1 can be stored and accessed from any address. But the double can be accessed only if it is stored in an address that is a multiple of 8. So the compiler automatically adds 7 padding bytes between the char and the double thus making the size of the struct 16 bytes. Now this struct will be stored on 16 byte aligned memory address (the compiler will enforce this for you) and the entire struct as well as the char and double within it can be accessed efficiently albeit at the cost of 7 extra bytes.

Any good video courses to learn C++?

> Memory addresses where an object is stored usually need to be a multiple of the sizeof the object This doesn't seem to be correct Memory address and size of an object don't have to be multiples of each other They have to have common divisor which is the CPU alignment constant

Oh, really? Only English? Well, it's in russian, and only for russians. Not russians are not allowed to read this book. You can learn from old books. And it's free only for russian people. Sorry. It's time to learn russian.

https://youtube.com/@tilir Since you can speak Russian, this guy has probably the best C++ courses on the entire YouTube

But I'm looking for something in english

There is no good courses in English

Thank you for your help

There is no good courses in English

https://www.udemy.com/course/cpp-deep-dive/ I'm not a C/C++ expert, but the course is quite well praised and regarded. I enrolled in it long time ago but has been moving along with him quite slowly

https://www.udemy.com/course/cpp-deep-dive/ I'm not a C/C++ expert, but the course is quite well praised and regarded. I enrolled in it long time ago but has been moving along with him quite slowly

hello guys. i want to add CI/CD to my project in visual studio(C++). I add my project to github, after that i add in project file "c-cpp.yml" with this code: name: C/C++ CI on: push: branches: [main] pull_request: branches: [main] jobs: build: runs-on: windows-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - name: Build and Test run: | MSBuild /t:Build /p:Configuration=Release .\path\to\your\test\executable.exe and i can't get, what i should do after that.

Follow github guides on GitHub actions

how i undestood, i should add "c-cpp.yml" only in Github, am i right?

#include <iostream> using namespace std; class a{ protected: static int x; }; int a::x=3; class b : public a{ public : void f(int n) {cout<<x+n;} }; main( ){ b t; t.f(2); }

You are not giving enough context and I've never used GitHub Actions with MSBuild projects thank God

https://www.udemy.com/course/cpp-deep-dive/ I'm not a C/C++ expert, but the course is quite well praised and regarded. I enrolled in it long time ago but has been moving along with him quite slowly

What do you mean by overloading here?

Honestly, our teacher asked us to add Operator Overloading to it

Please don't recommend Abdul Bari's course for C++. He is another guy like Yashwant Kanitkar (probably better because he atleast has a semblance of understanding of data structures and algorithms). But his knowledge of C++ is poor and often he recommends non standard C++ hacks like for example in his Linked list lectures. I followed his course when I was in college but realized how bad it was only after reading Stanley Lippman's book. He is a horrible C++ teacher as are the other well known authors from India. As a hindsight, there is no good C++ author or lecturer from the South Asian hemisphere.

Honestly, our teacher asked us to add Operator Overloading to it

How to start c++?? Any suggestions ?

you mean how to start programming in c++?

Yep..i can't find a good source

You may ask at Bjarne Stroustrup

Don't bother Bjarne please

Why. Because he is supporting Rust?

Why. Because he is supporting Rust?

How to start c++?? Any suggestions ?

Is solving codeforces problems help actually with software engineering or should i focus more reading books

Need to learn the language

Hey! Can anyone give some cool project ideas that I can work on in a group of 5?

Hey! Can anyone give some cool project ideas that I can work on in a group of 5?

Create gptchat 😊

You can actually work on an Online transport booking system. C# for the interface and then embed a database system to manage the back end. It can also be paying

You can actually work on an Online transport booking system. C# for the interface and then embed a database system to manage the back end. It can also be paying

No C# here