yes why not

I know python, and I'm just curious to understand how much faster C ++ is faster . I want to write a simple bot for fun

hello. help me install tgbot pls

Okay sure... Have you installed your lib into systems libs?

Okay sure... Have you installed your lib into systems libs?

#include <tgbot/bot.h> test.cpp:3:10: fatal error: tgbot/bot.h: Not file or dir 3 | #include <tgbot/bot.h>

#include <tgbot/bot.h> test.cpp:3:10: fatal error: tgbot/bot.h: Not file or dir 3 | #include <tgbot/bot.h>

Have you installed your lib into systems libs?

Can we have recursive inline function in C++?

you can but that generally not a good idea

Have you installed your lib into systems libs?

no

you can but that generally not a good idea

Thanks for guidance buddy

no

Then you will have to do that or tell your compiler where your lib is

yes why not

Thanks for help buddy

Then you will have to do that or tell your compiler where your lib is

tell me how?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INn3xa4pMfg

this was definitely interesting

Uhm..... What's your operating system and what compiler you are using? Also I would like to have the link to that lib you found online

Uhm..... What's your operating system and what compiler you are using? Also I would like to have the link to that lib you found online

Ubuntu 20. g++ using

you can use other languages, sometimes its called interop

hi, i really need help with my assignment, i have written a code but i doesnt seem to work

is anyone available to help

hi, i really need help with my assignment, i have written a code but i doesnt seem to work

send it :)

I am a beginner in C I was reading let us C but some of my seniors advised me to buy Depth in c or E.Balaguruswamy...

Which one should I buy...?🤷‍♂️😊

okay thanks...😊

I recommend C Primer Plus

K&R is good afaik

/programming

Hi , I have to extract file location from sockaddr_un addr to change permission of socket file. Help appreciated

hi

edit: nvm i'm dumb

char is just the smallest addressable numeric type, yes

Assuming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program? #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf("%x ", -2<<2); return 0; }

Tell me

Though signedness of just char depends on the compiler/platform, so explicit signed char or unsigned char should be preferred for numbers

Assuming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program? #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf("%x ", -2<<2); return 0; }

Shifting negative numbers is implementation-defined, but usually integers are stored as two's complement

By the way, is C++20 forces it's to be two's compliment or it didn't make to the standard?

300, 44 (on architectures with 8-bit unsigned char and at least 10-bit int)

two's complement is how signed integers are stored

-1 int8_t being 0xFF, -2 being 0xFE

according to char being 8-bit

by two's complement I mean that shifting a negative number left would multiply it by 2, right would divide it by 2 (with sign extension)

and that 0xFF + 1 = 0

Unsigned numbers are just numbers, nothing special about their encoding, so they have clearly defined wrapping in the standard, for instance

2's complement is the way signed numbers are stored

like 0, 1, 2, …, 255

casts just drop the upper bits

casting uint32_t to uint8_t just drops the upper 24 bits

In uint8_t — yes, in unsigned char — yes if it's 8-bit on your target architecture

Because arithmetic promotes them to int

or to unsigned int, I'm not 100% sure

Cast the result to uint8_t, like in your second example

I am a beginner can someone help me with the problem

It doesn't really matter, but why would you want to do math in uint8_t specifically?

For simplicity of writing arithmetic statements, and also CPUs now work mainly with 32-bit or 64-bit registers

and on some, especially RISC architectures, it's not uncommon to only have explicit loading (zero-extending for unsigned, sign-extended for signed) and storing for 8-bit numbers, with arithmetic only done for 32- or 64-bit numbers

%d is signed decimal of int type, %hhd is specifically for signed char, %hhu is for unsigned char

but no, formatting has nothing to do with promotion to int

If you format 300 as %hhu you'll get 44 in the resulting string

no, %d has no effect on what is happening on the language side

printf is just a function, that takes the format string simply as a pointer

formatting has no effect on anything happening in the language, as I said

printf(formatStringFromElsewhereMaybeEvenLoadedFromFileOrNetwork, a + b) would also work

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46073295/implicit-type-promotion-rules Whenever a small integer type is used in an expression, it is implicitly converted to int which is always signed. This is known as the integer promotions or the integer promotion rule. Formally, the rule says (C11 6.3.1.1): If an int can represent all values of the original type (as restricted by the width, for a bit-field), the value is converted to an int; otherwise, it is converted to an unsigned int. These are called the integer promotions.

a + b is (int)a + (int)b in this case

Hello, I've a pretty basic question . Let's say I have declared an array of chars a[100] , and then assigned '\0' to the first element in the array (a[0] = '\0') . My question is whether from now on the array will be counted as a string and I won't have to add the null character manually after each operation , thanks for the help.

Hello, I've a pretty basic question . Let's say I have declared an array of chars a[100] , and then assigned '\0' to the first element in the array (a[0] = '\0') . My question is whether from now on the array will be counted as a string and I won't have to add the null character manually after each operation , thanks for the help.

what do you mean "array will be counted as string"? you have 100 char elements and can write any data to any byte. each of the function which receive your array can have some requirements to input data

If I define char a[100] so it would be just a regular array of chars right ?

yes

As I set in '\0' somewhere in the array , would it be automatically converted into a string

?

I don`t know what is definition of "string" in C. I am not it is presented at all

A string, char*, is just an array of characters, char, which ends with \0, null.

no conversion is made of course, you just set \0 to some specific byte

A string, char*, is just an array of characters, char, which ends with \0, null.

you cannot assume this

you should not assume it in the first place

you cannot assume this

I am clearly talking to a beginner.

As I set in '\0' somewhere in the array , would it be automatically converted into a string

the concept of string is very vague in nature

array of characters? null terminated block of memory of characters?

or like c++, std::string which is like pascal, a counter + block of memory of characters

I'll try to explain better. Let's say I assigned '\0' to the first element in the array (which consists of 100 elements) - and I execute strcpy on the array , then will '\0' be automatically added to the end of the array ?

undefined

I'll try to explain better. Let's say I assigned '\0' to the first element in the array (which consists of 100 elements) - and I execute strcpy on the array , then will '\0' be automatically added to the end of the array ?

show your strcpy call, and data definition. anyway this all about strcpy